FOIA Procedures and Guidelines

  • Procedure Type: Administrative 
  • Procedure Title: FOIA Procedures and Guidelines
  • Procedure Number: NA
  • Office Responsible: Legal Affairs 
  • Related Policies: Freedom of Information Act Policy
  • Related Procedures: NA
  • Related Laws: Public Act 442 of 1976
  • HLC Criterion: NA

Statement of Principles
Oakland Community College’s Board of Trustee’s has established the following written procedures and guidelines to implement the FOIA and has also authorized that a written public summary be created, in a manner to be easily understood by the general public, specifying procedures and guidelines along with instructions on how to submit written requests to the College; explanations regarding how to understand written responses; deposit requirements; fee calculations; and avenues for challenge and appeal.

Section 1: General Policies
Pursuant to MCL 15.236, the OCC Board of Trustees charges and delegates to the Chancellor the authority to designate a FOIA Coordinator to act on his or her behalf to accept and process FOIA requests for College public records and to approve denials.

If a request for a public record is received by fax or email, the request is deemed to have been received on the following business day. If a request is sent by email and delivered to a College spam or junk-mail folder, the request is not deemed received until one day after the FOIA Coordinator first becomes aware of the request. The FOIA Coordinator shall note in the FOIA log both the date the request was delivered to the spam or junk mail folder and the date the FOIA Coordinator became aware of the request. The FOIA Coordinator shall review College spam and junk-mail folders on a regular basis.

The FOIA Coordinator may, in his or her discretion, implement administrative rules, consistent with State law and these Procedures and Guidelines to administer the acceptance and processing of FOIA requests.

The College is not obligated to create a new public record or make a compilation or summary of information which does not already exist. Neither the FOIA Coordinator nor other College staff are obligated to provide answers to questions contained in requests for public records or regarding the content of the records themselves.

The FOIA Coordinator shall keep a copy of all written requests for public records received by the College on file for a period of at least one (1) year.

The College will make this document and the Written Public Summary publicly available without charge by providing free copies both in the College's response to a written request and upon request by visitors. If it does not, the College cannot require deposits or charge fees otherwise permitted under the FOIA until it is in compliance.

This document and the College’s Written Public Summary will be maintained on the College’s FOIA website. A link to those documents will be provided in lieu of providing paper copies of those documents.

Section 2: Requesting a Public Record
No specific form to submit a request for a public record is required.

Requests to inspect or obtain copies of public records prepared, owned, used, possessed or retained by the College may be submitted in form of writing (letter, fax, email, etc.), or by verbal request. 

If a person makes a verbal, non-written request for information believed to be available on the College’s website, where practicable and to the best ability of the employee receiving the request, shall be informed of the pertinent website address.

A request must sufficiently describe a public record so as to enable College personnel to identify and find the requested public record.

A request from a person, other than an individual who qualifies as indigent under MCL 15.234(2)(a), must include the requesting person's complete name, physical address, and contact information, and, if the request is made by a person other than an individual, the complete name, physical address, and contact information of the person's agent who is an individual. An address must be written in compliance with United States Postal Service addressing standards:

FULL NAME OF INDIVIDUAL (and company name, if applicable)
STREET ADDRESS, SUITE #
CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE

Contact information must include a valid telephone number or electronic mail address.

Written requests for public records may be submitted in person or by mail to any College campus. Requests may also be submitted electronically by fax and email. Upon their receipt, requests for public records shall be promptly forwarded to the FOIA Coordinator for processing.

A person may request that public records be provided on non-paper physical media, emailed or other otherwise provided to him or her in digital form in lieu of paper copies. The College will comply with the request only if it possesses the necessary technological capability to provide records in the requested non-paper physical media format.

A person may subscribe to future issues of public records that are created, issued or disseminated by the College on a regular basis. A subscription is valid for up to six (6) months and may be renewed by the subscriber

A person serving a sentence of imprisonment in a local, state or federal correctional facility is not entitled to submit a request for a public record. The FOIA Coordinator will deny all such requests.

Section 3: Processing a Request
Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the person making the request, the College will issue a response within five (5) business days of receipt of a FOIA request. If a request is received by fax, email or other electronic transmission, the request is deemed to have been received on the following business day.

The College will respond to a request in one of the following ways:

  • Grant the request;
  • Issue a written notice denying the request;
  • Grant the request in part and issue a written notice denying in part the request;
  • Issue a notice indicating that due to the nature of the request the College needs an additional ten (10) business days to respond for a total of no more than fifteen (15) business days. Only one such extension is permitted; or
  • Issue a written notice indicating that the public record requested is available at no charge on the College’s website.

When a request is granted:
If the request is granted, or granted in part, the FOIA Coordinator will require that payment be made in full for the allowable fees associated with responding to the request before the public record is made available.

The FOIA Coordinator shall provide a detailed itemization of the allowable costs incurred to process the request to the person making the request.

If the cost of processing a FOIA request is $50.00 or less, the requester will be notified of the amount due and where the documents can be obtained.

If OCC has made a good faith calculation that the total fee for processing the request will exceed $50.00, OCC will require that you provide a deposit in the amount of 50% of the total estimated fee. Payment may be made by check, money order or credit card as detailed on the response form. Deposits are non-refundable.

In making the request for a good-faith deposit, the FOIA Coordinator shall provide the requester with a detailed itemization of the allowable costs estimated to be
incurred by the College to process the request and also provide a best effort estimate of a time frame it will take the College to provide the records to the requester. The best efforts estimate shall be nonbinding on the College, but will be made in good faith and will strive to be reasonably accurate, given the nature of the request in the particular instance, so as to provide the requested records in a manner based on the public policy expressed by Section 1 of the FOIA. If a deposit that is required under subsection (8) or (11) is not received by the public body within 45 days from receipt by the requesting person of the notice that a deposit is required, and if the requesting person has not filed an appeal of the deposit amount pursuant to section 10a, the request shall be considered abandoned by the requesting person and the public body is no longer required to fulfill the request.

When a request is denied or denied in part:
If the request is denied or denied in part, the FOIA Coordinator will issue a Notice of
Denial which shall provide in the applicable circumstance:

  • An explanation as to why a requested public record is exempt from disclosure; or
  • A certificate that the requested record does not exist under the name or description provided by the requester, or another name reasonably known by the College; or 
    • An explanation or description of the public record or information within a public record that is separated or deleted from the public record; and 
    • An explanation of the person’s right to submit an appeal of the denial to either the office of the Chancellor or seek judicial review in the Oakland County Circuit Court;
    • An explanation of the right to receive attorneys’ fees, costs, and disbursements as well actual or compensatory damages, and punitive damages of $1,000, should they prevail in Circuit Court.
    • The Notice of Denial shall be signed by the FOIA Coordinator. I

If a request does not sufficiently describe a public record, the FOIA Coordinator may, in lieu of issuing a Notice of Denial indicating that the request is deficient, seek clarification or amendment of the request by the person making the request. Any clarification or amendment will be considered a new request subject to the
timelines described in this Section.

Requests to inspect public records:
The College shall provide reasonable facilities and opportunities for persons to examine and inspect public records during normal business hours. The FOIA Coordinator is authorized to promulgate rules regulating the manner in which records may be viewed so as to protect College records from loss, alteration, mutilation or destruction and to prevent excessive interference with normal College operations.

Upon receiving a written or verbal request to inspect College records, the College shall furnish the requesting person with a reasonable opportunity and reasonable facilities for inspection and examination of its public records.

A person shall be allowed to inspect public records during usual business hours, not less than four hours per day. The public does not have unlimited access to College offices or facilities, and a person may be required to inspect records at a specified counter or table, and in view of College personnel.

College officials, appointees, staff or consultants/contractors assisting with inspection of public records shall inform any person inspecting records that only pencils, and no pens or ink, may be used to take notes. In coordination with the official responsible for the records, the FOIA Coordinator shall determine on a case-by-case basis when the College will provide copies of original records, to allow for blacking out exempt information, to protect old or delicate original records, or because the original record is a digital file or database not available for public inspection.

The FOIA Coordinator is responsible for identifying if records or information requested by the public is stored in digital files or e-mail, even if the public does not
specifically request a digital file or e-mail.

A person cannot remove books, records or files from the place the College has provided for the inspection.

No documents shall be removed from the office of the custodian of those documents without permission of that custodian, except by court order, subpoena or for audit purposes. The official shall be given a receipt listing the records being removed. Documents may be removed from the office of the custodian of those documents with permission of that custodian to accommodate public inspection of those documents. In coordination with the official responsible for the records, the FOIA coordinator will determine on a case-by-case basis when the College will provide copies of original records, to allow for blacking out exempt information, to protect old or delicate original records, or because the original record is a digital file or database not available for public inspection.

Requests for certified copies:
The FOIA Coordinator shall, upon written request, furnish a certified copy of a public record at no additional cost to the person requesting the public record.

Section 4: Fee Deposits
If the fee estimate is expected to exceed $50.00 based on a good-faith calculation, the requester will be asked to provide a deposit not exceeding one-half of the total estimated fee. Deposits are non-refundable.

If a request for public records is from a person who has not paid the College in full for copies of public records made in fulfillment of a previously granted written request, the FOIA Coordinator will require a deposit of 100% of the estimated processing fee before beginning to search for a public record for any subsequent written request by that person when all of the following conditions exist:

    • The final fee for the prior written request is not more than 105% of the estimated fee;
    • The public records made available contained the information sought in the prior written request and remain in the College's possession;
    • The public records were made available to the individual, subject to payment, within the time frame estimated by the College to provide the records;
    • Ninety (90) days have passed since the FOIA Coordinator notified the individual in writing that the public records were available for pickup or mailing;
    • The individual is unable to show proof of prior payment to the College; and
    • The FOIA Coordinator has calculated a detailed itemization that is the basis for the current written requests increased estimated fee deposit.

The FOIA Coordinator will not require an increased estimated fee deposit if any of the following apply:

  • The person making the request is able to show proof of prior payment in full to the College;
  • The College is subsequently paid in full for the applicable prior written request; or
  • Three hundred sixty-five (365) days have passed since the person made the request for which full payment was not remitted to the College.

The College will treat multiple concurrent FOIA requests on the same topic(s) and/or regarding the same record keeper(s) and from the same person as one FOIA request for purposes of determining whether the fee is below $50.00.

Section 5: Calculation of Fees
A fee may be charged for the labor cost of copying/duplication. OCC will use the most economical method for making copies of public records, including using double-sided printing, if cost-saving and available.

A fee will not be charged for the labor cost of search, examination, review and the deletion and separation of exempt from nonexempt information unless failure to charge a fee would result in unreasonably high costs to the College because of the nature of the request in the particular instance, and the College specifically identifies the nature of the unreasonably high costs.

Costs for the search, examination review, and deletion and separation of exempt from non-exempt information are “unreasonably high” when they are excessive and beyond the normal or usual amount for those services (Attorney General Opinion 7083 of 2001) compared to the costs of the College’s usual FOIA requests, not compared to the College’s operating budget. (Bloch v. Davison Community Schools, Michigan Court of Appeals, Unpublished, April 26, 2011)

The following factors shall be used to determine an unreasonably high cost to the College:

    • Volume of the public record requested.
    • Amount of time spent to search for, examine, review and separate exempt from non-exempt information in the record requested.
    • Whether the public records are from more than one College department or whether various College offices are necessary to respond to the request.
    • The available staffing to respond to the request.
    • Any other similar factors identified by the FOIA Coordinator in responding to the particular request.

The Michigan FOIA statute permits the College to charge for the following costs associated with processing a request:

    • Labor costs associated with copying or duplication, which includes making paper copies, making digital copies, or transferring digital public records to nonpaper physical media or through the Internet.
    • Labor costs associated with searching for, locating and examining a requested public record, when failure to charge a fee will result in unreasonably high costs to the College.
    • Labor costs associated with a review of a record to separate and delete information exempt from disclosure, when failure to charge a fee will result in unreasonably high costs to the College. 
    • The cost of copying or duplication, not including labor, of paper copies of public records. This may include the cost for copies of records already on the College’s website if you ask the College to make copies.
    • The cost of computer discs, computer tapes or other digital or similar media when the requester asks for records in non-paper physical media. This may include the cost for copies of records already on the College’s website if you ask the College to make copies.
    • The cost to mail or send a public record to a requester.

Labor costs will be calculated based on the following requirements:

    • All labor costs will be estimated and charged in 15-minute increments, with all partial time increments rounded down. If the time involved is less than 15 minutes, there will be no charge.
    • Labor costs will be charged at the hourly wage of the lowest-paid College employee capable of doing the work in the specific fee category, regardless of who actually performs work.
    • Labor costs will also include a charge to cover or partially cover the cost of fringe benefits.
    • The College may add up to 50% to the applicable labor charge amount to cover or partially cover the cost of fringe benefits, but in no case may it exceed the actual cost of fringe benefits.
    • Overtime wages will not be included in labor costs unless agreed to by the requester; overtime costs will not be used to calculate the fringe benefit cost.
    • Contracted labor costs will be charged at six times Michigan’s current minimum wage hourly rate.

The cost to provide records on non-paper physical media when so requested will be based on the following requirements:

    • Computer disks, computer tapes or other digital or similar media will be at the actual and most reasonably economical cost for the non-paper media.
    • This cost will only be assessed if the College has the technological capability necessary to provide the public record in the requested non-paper physical media format.
    • The College will procure any non-paper media and will not accept media from the requester in order to ensure integrity of the College’s technology infrastructure.

The cost to provide paper copies of records will be based on the following requirements:

    • Paper copies of public records made on standard letter (8 ½ x 11) or legal (8½ x 14) sized paper will not exceed $.10 per sheet of paper. Copies for nonstandard sized sheets of paper will reflect the actual cost of reproduction.
    • The College will provide records using double-sided printing, if it is cost saving and available.

The cost to mail records to a requester will be based on the following requirements:

    • The actual cost to mail public records using a reasonably economical and justified means. 
    • The College may charge for the least expensive form of postal delivery confirmation.
    • No cost will be made for expedited shipping or insurance unless specified by the requester.

If the FOIA Coordinator does not respond to a written request in a timely manner, the College must:

  • Reduce the labor costs by 5% for each day the College exceeds the time permitted under FOIA up to a 50% maximum reduction, if any of the following applies:
    • The College’s late response was willful and intentional,
    • The written request conveyed a request for information within the first 250 words of the body of a letter facsimile, email or email attachment, or
    • The written request included the words, characters, or abbreviations for “freedom of information,” “information,” “FOIA,” “copy” or a recognizable misspelling of such, or legal code reference to MCL 15. 231, et seq. or 1976 Public Act 442 on the front of an envelope or in the subject line of an email, letter or facsimile cover page.
  • Fully note the charge reduction in the Detailed Itemization of Costs Form.

Section 6: Waiver of Fees
The cost of the search for and copying of a public record may be waived or reduced if in the sole judgment of the FOIA Coordinator a waiver or reduced fee is in the public interest because it can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public.

Section 7: Discounted Fees

Indigence
The FOIA Coordinator will discount the first $20.00 of the processing fee for a request if the person requesting a public record submits an affidavit stating that they are:

    • Indigent and receiving specific public assistance, or
    • If not receiving public assistance, stating facts demonstrating an inability to pay because of indigence.

An individual is not eligible to receive the waiver if:

    • The requester has previously received discounted copies of public records from the College twice during the calendar year; or
    • The requester requests information in connection with other persons who are offering or providing payment to make the request.

Nonprofit organization advocating for developmentally disabled or mentally ill individuals 
The FOIA Coordinator will discount the first $20.00 of the processing fee for a request from:

A nonprofit organization formally designated by the state to carry out activities under subtitle C of the Federal Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000, Public Law 106-402, and the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act, Public Law 99-319, or their successors, if the request meets all of the following requirements:

    • Is made directly on behalf of the organization or its clients.
    • Is made for a reason wholly consistent with the mission and provisions of those laws’ under section 931 of the Mental Health Code, 1974 PA 258, MCL 330.1931.
    • Is accompanied by documentation of its designation by the state, if requested by the public body.

Section 8: Appeal of a Denial of a Public Record
When a requester believes that all or a portion of a public record has not been disclosed or has been improperly exempted from disclosure, he or she may file an appeal of the denial with the Chancellor at pmproven@oaklandcc.edu.

The appeal must be in writing, specifically state the word "appeal" and identify the reason or reasons the requester is seeking a reversal of the denial.

Within ten (10) business days of receiving the appeal, the Chancellor will respond in
writing by:

    • Reversing the disclosure denial;
    • Upholding the disclosure denial; or
    • Reverse the disclosure denial in part and uphold the disclosure denial in part; or
    • Under unusual circumstances, issue a notice extending for not more than ten (10) business days the period during which the Chancellor shall respond to the written appeal. The Chancellor shall not issue more than one (1) notice of extension for a particular written appeal.

If the Chancellor fails to respond to a written appeal, or if the Chancellor upholds all or a portion of the disclosure denial that is the subject of the written appeal, the requesting person may seek judicial review of the nondisclosure by commencing a civil action in Circuit Court.

Whether or not a requester submitted an appeal of a denial to the Chancellor, he or she may file a civil action Oakland County Circuit Court within 180 days after the College's final determination to deny the request.

If a court that determines a public record is not exempt from disclosure, it shall order the College to cease withholding or to produce all or a portion of a public record wrongfully withheld, regardless of the location of the public record. Failure to comply with an order of the court may be punished as contempt of court.

If a person asserting the right to inspect, copy, or receive a copy of all or a portion of a public record prevails in such an action, the court shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs, and disbursements. If the person or College prevails in part, the court may, in its discretion, award all or an appropriate portion of reasonable attorneys' fees, costs, and disbursements.

If the court determines that the College has arbitrarily and capriciously violated this act by refusal or delay in disclosing or providing copies of a public record, the court shall order the College to pay a civil fine of $1,000.00, which shall be deposited into the general fund of the state treasury. The court shall award, in addition to any actual or compensatory damages, punitive damages in the amount of $1,000.00 to the person seeking the right to inspect or receive a copy of a public record. The damages shall not be assessed against an individual, but shall be assessed against the next succeeding public body that is not an individual and that kept or maintained the public record as part of its public function.

Section 9: Appeal of an Excessive FOIA Processing Fee
“Fee” means the total fee or any component of the total fee calculated under section 4 of the FOIA, including any deposit.

If a requester believes that the fee charged by the College to process a FOIA request exceeds the amount permitted by state law or under this policy, he or she must first appeal to the Chancellor by submitting a written appeal for a fee reduction to the FOIA Coordinator. 

The appeal must be in writing, specifically state the word "appeal" and identify how the required fee exceeds the amount permitted.

Within 10 business days after receiving the appeal, the Chancellor will respond in writing by:

    • Waiving the fee;
    • Reducing the fee and issuing a written determination indicating the specific basis that supports the remaining fee;
    • Upholding the fee and issuing a written determination indicating the specific basis that supports the required fee; or
    • Issuing a notice detailing the reason or reasons for extending for not more than ten (10) business days the period during which the Chancellor will respond to the written appeal. The Chancellor shall not issue more than one (1) notice of extension for a particular written appeal.

Where the Chancellor reduces or upholds the fee, the determination must include a certification from the Chancellor that the statements in the determination are
accurate and that the reduced fee amount complies with its publicly available procedures and guidelines and Section 4 of the FOIA.

Within 45 days after receiving notice of the Chancellor’s determination of an appeal, the requesting person may commence a civil action in Oakland County Circuit Court for a fee reduction.

If a civil action is commenced against the College for an excess fee, the College is not obligated to complete the processing of the written request for the public record at issue until the court resolves the fee dispute.

An action shall not be filed in circuit court unless one of the following applies:

    • The Chancellor does not provide for appeals of fees,
    • The Chancellor failed to respond to a written appeal as required, or
    • The Chancellor issued a determination to a written appeal.

If a court determines that the College required a fee that exceeds the amount permitted under its publicly available procedures and guidelines or Section 4 of the FOIA, the court shall reduce the fee to a permissible amount. Failure to comply with an order of the court may be punished as contempt of court.

If the requesting person prevails in court by receiving a reduction of 50% or more of the total fee, the court may, in its discretion, award all or an appropriate portion of reasonable attorneys' fees, costs, and disbursements. The award shall be assessed against the public body liable for damages.

If the court determines that the College has arbitrarily and capriciously violated the FOIA by charging an excessive fee, the court shall order the College to pay a civil fine of $500.00, which shall be deposited in the general fund of the state treasury. The court may also award, in addition to any actual or compensatory damages, punitive damages in the amount of $500.00 to the person seeking the fee reduction. The fine and any damages shall not be assessed against an individual, but shall be assessed against the next succeeding public body that is not an individual and that kept or maintained the public record as part of its public function.

Section 10: Conflict with Prior FOIA Policies and Procedures
Effective Date To the extent that these Procedures and Guidelines conflict with previous FOIA policies
promulgated by the College, these Procedures and Guidelines are controlling. To the extent that any administrative rule promulgated by the FOIA Coordinator subsequent to the adoption of this resolution is found to be in conflict with any previous policy promulgated by the College, the administrative rule promulgated by the FOIA Coordinator is controlling.

To the extent that any provision of these Procedures and Guidelines or any administrative rule promulgated by the FOIA Coordinator pertaining to the release of public records is found to be in conflict with any State statute, the applicable statute shall control. The FOIA Coordinator is authorized to modify this policy and all previous policies adopted by the College, and to adopt such administrative rules as he or she may deem necessary, to facilitate the legal review and processing of requests for public records made pursuant to Michigan's FOIA statute, provided that such modifications and rules are consistent with State law.

The FOIA Coordinator shall advise the College of any changes to these Policies and Guidelines.

Change Log

  • 06-30-2015  Revised
  • 09-14-2021  Revised
  • 08-04-2023  Revised

OCC Logo